TS file
A TS file is a video file that uses the MPEG transport stream format, a container built to carry video and audio over networks where data can be lost. In streaming, TS files are often the small segments, a few seconds each, that HLS players download one after another. TS files are also common in broadcast TV and DVR recordings.
Why it matters
TS segments keep HLS streams playable on older smart TVs, set-top boxes and players. Choosing between TS and newer fMP4 segments affects device reach, storage and which codecs you can use. The choice also matters for DRM and low-latency features.
How it works
- An encoder compresses the video and audio, then a packager wraps them in MPEG transport stream format.
- The stream is cut into short .ts segments, typically a few seconds each.
- An M3U8 playlist lists the segments in order with their durations.
- The player downloads each segment in turn and plays them back to back.
How do I play or convert a .ts file?
You can play a .ts file in VLC and most desktop players, or convert it to MP4 by remuxing with a tool such as FFmpeg. Remuxing copies the video and audio without re-encoding, so it is fast and keeps quality. A downloaded stream may be many .ts files that must be joined first.
TS vs fMP4 for HLS: which should I use?
Use fMP4 for new HLS setups and TS when you must support older players. fMP4 is required for HEVC and AV1 on Apple devices, works with CMAF and can share files with DASH. TS has very broad legacy support but carries slightly more overhead per segment.
Where it's used
OTT services, live sports streamers and video platforms deliver many HLS streams as short TS segments, which keeps older smart TVs and set-top boxes working. Broadcasters and DVRs also record to TS.
By the numbers
- Apple's HLS authoring rules allow MPEG transport stream segments only for H.264 video; HEVC and AV1 video must use fragmented MP4. (HLS Authoring Specification for Apple Devices)
